Want a calmer brain? Try it here
Meditation changes the areas of the brain that deal with anxiety and fear.
For neuroscientist Sarah Lazar, a type of meditation called open awareness is as fundamental to her day as breathing.
"You just become aware that you're aware, without focusing on anything in particular," explains Lazar, an associate research fellow in the department of psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital and an assistant professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School. "This kind of practice helps us become more aware of subtle thoughts and feelings that we usually ignore but are very sensitive to."
But meditation does more than change your perspective in the moment. Several studies have shown that certain types of meditation can have a wide range of benefits, from relieving chronic pain and stress to lowering high blood pressure and easing anxiety and depression. And, as Lazar's research shows, meditation can actually change the structure and connectivity of brain regions that help us deal with anxiety and fear.
"It's really becoming clear that all of our experiences shape our brains in some way," Lazar says. "A lot of people talk about meditation being a mental discipline. Just as you can train your physical muscles, you can train your resting muscles, too. Meditation is a very effective way to train these muscles. ”
What counts as meditation?
More than you might believe. A fascinating aspect of meditation, which may be a bit confusing, is that it encompasses a wide range of practices "There is less consensus about what meditation is, as much as it is clear what it is not. But there is Lazar's preferred form of meditation, open awareness, is combined with other forms of focused awareness, slow, deep breathing, guided meditation, mantra meditation, and many variations. Essentially, it's about being aware of the moment, noticing what you're experiencing, and detaching yourself without judgment from intrusive thoughts that may be impeding your ability to stay engaged in the task, according to Lazar.
Meditation also means sitting with your eyes closed and paying attention to your body and any sensations present. Regular meditation practice typically involves slowing down, breathing, and observing your inner experiences.
"Meditation can include flickering candles, awareness of your breath, mantras, all of those things," says Lazar. "But there's certainly an element of focusing and regulating attention."
A closer look at how meditation changes the brain
A small MRI imaging study looked at the effects of meditation on the amygdala, a deep-brain almond-shaped structure that processes fear, anxiety and other emotions.
Lazar and her colleagues have spent years laying the groundwork to show how practicing mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) changes the amygdala after just about two months. The MBSR practice in this study consisted of weekly group meetings and daily mindfulness practices at home, including seated meditation and yoga.
What did the study reveal?
The key study included 26 people who were experiencing high levels of stress. Brain scans after an 8-week MBSR course showed a decrease in amygdala density, and these brain changes correlated with lower reported stress levels.
Based on this, Lazar and colleagues designed a study focusing on 26 people diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, a disorder characterized by excessive, persistent, and often illogical levels of anxiety. The researchers randomly selected participants to either practice MBSR or undergo stress management training. These participants were compared to 26 healthy participants.
In the first-of-its-kind study, participants were shown a series of images of angry and neutral facial expressions, and brain activity was measured using functional MRI imaging. At the start of the study, anxious patients showed greater amygdala activation in response to neutral faces than healthy participants, suggesting a stronger fear response to non-threatening situations.
However, after eight weeks of MBSR, MRI scans showed increased connectivity between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex, a brain region important in regulating emotions. The amygdala of participants with generalized anxiety no longer showed a fear response to neutral faces. These participants also reported improvement in their symptoms.
How can meditation help you in your daily life?
Lazar believes that training your brain to stop and be more calmly aware of your thoughts can help you stay calm amid the chaos of a work deadline, family conflict, or upsetting news.
"It's not apathy," she adds. "It's like a bubble popping. You see that you don't have to keep going around in this loop. Once you realize that, your relationship with the reactions bubbling up in your brain changes completely."
Would you like to give meditation a try?
Or expand your meditation practice? Never meditated before? To get started, Lazar recommends a three-minute breath-hold meditation. She offers a quick introduction to meditation, guiding you through three simplified, but clear, steps.
Here are some easy ways to expand on this basic approach:
- Add some time, just like you would when exercising
- Meditate outdoors
- Pause to check in with how you feel after meditating.
"Or try one longer session throughout the day, like a three-minute breathing break, or four or five shorter sessions a day," suggests Lazar.
Another way to improve your practice is to use common, repetitive moments throughout your day, like reaching for a doorknob, as an opportunity to stop for five seconds and notice the feeling of your hands on the handle.
"For example, if you're walking from your office to your car, instead of thinking about all the things you have to do, you can pay attention as you walk," says Lazar. "Feel the sunshine and the asphalt under your feet." Here are some easy ways to incorporate meditation into your every day."